Think PICO
Patient or Problem
Intervention (or care plan)
Comparison, Complications, Considerations (concerning the treatment)
Outcome
Content excerpted from Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine Tutorial from Duke University Medical Center
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The patient |
1. Start with the patient -- a clinical problem or question arises out of the care of the patient |
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The question |
2. Construct a well built clinical question derived from the case |
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The resource |
3. Select the appropriate literature resource(s) and conduct a search in CINAHL or MEDLINE |
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The evaluation |
4. Appraise that evidence for its validity (closeness to the truth) and applicability (usefulness in clinical practice) |
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The patient |
5. Return to the patient -- integrate that evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences and apply it to practice |
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Self-evaluation |
6. Evaluate your performance with this patient |
Because the focus is on what methods, interventions, practices get the best outcomes for the patient.
Because it bases patient care on the evidence found in the professional research literature.
Evidence-based practice for nurses: appraisal and application of research by 
Evidence-based practice for nursing and healthcare quality improvement by 
Evidence-based practice in action : comprehensive strategies, tools, and tips from University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics by 
Evidence-based practice in nursing by 
Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare : a guide to best practice by 
Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition by 
Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice for nurses and healthcare professionals : model and guidelines by 
Making Sense of Evidence-Based Practice for Nursing : An Introduction to Quantitative and Qualitative Research and Systematic Reviews by 
Nursing research: methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice by 
Nursing research: reading, using, and creating evidence by 
Understanding nursing research : building an evidence-based practice by